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What Does Spor Mean

31.07.2019
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The numerical value of spor- in Chaldean Numerology is: 2. Pythagorean Numerology. The numerical value of spor- in Pythagorean Numerology is: 5.

Spor is a type of food that light to other people like vampiresand wolfs and animals.

How do you spell spor?

Words close in spelling to 'spor' are spore and spoor.

Send you code of NTV spor from Turksat?

What does spor mean?

spor means:a combining form representing spore in compound words: sporophyte.

When was FC Ata-Spor Bishkek created?

Which album is ignition on by spor?

Artist: Spor Title: Ignition Album: Carpe Diem Genre: Drum and Bass Year: 2006

What actors and actresses appeared in Tvivlens spor - 2008?

The cast of Tvivlens spor - 2008 includes: Per Thiim Thim as The boyfriend

What actors and actresses appeared in Spor - 1996?

The cast of Spor - 1996 includes: Wilfred Breistrand as Man 1 Henny Moan as Woman 1

What is 'dirty' when translated from English to Italian?

The singular sporca and the plural sporche and the singular sporco and the plural sporchi are Italian equivalents of the English word 'dirty.' Context makes clear whether feminine (cases 1, 2) or masculine (examples 3, 4) genders suit. The respective pronunciations will be 'SPOR-ka' or 'SPOR-key' in the feminine and 'SPOR-ko' or 'SPOR-kee' in the masculine in Pisan Italian.

What actors and actresses appeared in O kosmos ton spor - 2005?

The cast of O kosmos ton spor - 2005 includes: Tasos Staboulis as Himself - Host

What actors and actresses appeared in Spor sto tria - 1990?

The cast of Spor sto tria - 1990 includes: Dimitris Dragogias as Himself - Host (2007) Stelios Nikitopoulos as Himself - Host

What actors and actresses appeared in En minister krydser sit spor - 2000?

The cast of En minister krydser sit spor - 2000 includes: Birthe Weiss as Herself - Former Minister for the Interior

What actors and actresses appeared in Kalde spor - 1962?

The cast of Kalde spor - 1962 includes: Ragnhild Hald Sverre Holm Egil Lorck Alf Malland as Tormod Toralv Maurstad as Oddmund Henny Moan as Ragnhild

What has the author Svend Ole Madsen written?

What has the author Richardt Gandrup written?

What has the author Guven ALPTEKIN written?

Guven ALPTEKIN has written: 'Ansiklopedik spor dunyasi'

What has the author Martin Thomsen written?

Martin Thomsen has written: 'En vendelbodreng krydser sine spor'

What is the correct tire pressures for a 335i spor?

Look on the plate on driver door or frame, and the print on the tire.

What has the author Kurt L Frederiksen written?

Is bacterial spores the most resistant life form?

The most resistant organism in the healthcare environment is the bacterial spor

Where are the spor containing sori of a fern found?

On the dorsal side of the leaf. Sometimes, as in case of Adiatum, the sori are present on the leaf margins.

Does spor work on a lap top?

yes, if not your lap top probably doesnt have a good enuf grafics card or not enuf memory. hope this helps=]

When sport started?

whenever a man is free he wants to play a spor. It's human nature that he want to do any physical acitivity when ever he has liesure.

What is the word for sport in all the different languages?

Sport in French is le sport. In Turkish, it's spor. In Lithuanian, it's sportas. In Spanish, it's juego.

What has the author Vilko Androjna written?

Vilko Androjna has written: 'Upravni postopek in upravni spor' -- subject(s): Administrative procedure, Judicial review of administrative acts

What is 'friends forever' when translated from English to Spanish?

¡Amigas por siempre! and ¡Amigos por siempre! are Spanish equivalents of the English phrase 'Friends forever!' Context makes clear whether females (case 1), males or mixed females and males (example 2) suits. The respective pronunciation will be 'a-MEE-ga-spor SYEM-prey' in the feminine and 'a-MEE-go-spor SYEM-prey' in the masculine in Uruguayan Spanish.

Where can you get a free wiring diagram or free shop manual for a ford explorer spor trac?

i have know idea Here you can get it Free ford wiring diagram http://www.malaysiaminilover.com/free-ford-wiring-diagrams

What movie and television projects has Jens Jacob Tychsen been in?

Jens Jacob Tychsen has: Played Simon Friis in 'Rejseholdet' in 2000. Played Joe in 'Skjulte spor' in 2000. Played Joe Smith in 'Skjulte spor' in 2000. Played Hal in 'Strings' in 2004. Played Lars Fromberg in '2900 Happiness' in 2007. Played Erling Krabbe in 'Forbrydelsen' in 2007. Played Lars in '2900 Happiness' in 2007. Played Niels in 'Sommer' in 2008. Played Jacob Kruse in 'Borgen' in 2010. Played Edward Weyse in 'Badehotellet' in 2013.

What was a popular team spor t at the Olympics 2012?

Basketball, Field hockey, Football, Handball, Volleyball, & Water polo are the larger size team sports. Some sports like Gymnastics have team events besides the individual events

What actors and actresses appeared in Seeking Love in Foreign Places - 2008?

The cast of Seeking Love in Foreign Places - 2008 includes: Keith Clowe as Plays Himself Jim Harr as Plays Himself John Spor as Plays Himself

Spor

What actors and actresses appeared in Diamantens blodige spor - 2002?

The cast of Diamantens blodige spor - 2002 includes: Torsten Adler as Speaker Rafael da Silva Cambalussenga as Himself - Opposition Leader Willie Heiler as Himself - Diamond Dealer Eli Izhakoff as Himself - World Diamond Counsil Domingos Kajama as Himself - Vice Guvernor, Lunda Sul Peter Meens as Himself - High Diamond Counsil Johan Peleman as Himself - UN Advisor Milton Roe as Himself - Diamond Unit, Johannesburg Police Michel van der Heuvel as… Read More

What other than military genius did Julius Caesar posses?

Well, Julius Caesar was a war hero and led many legionaries into battle but he was working with the Senates of Rome to rule the Roman republic- AKA SPOR which stands for Senate People Of Rome. Caesar was a political leader.

What movie and television projects has Ulrich Drechsler been in?

Ulrich Drechsler has: Played John Castillo in 'Rejseholdet' in 1983. Played Servant in 'Tusindfryd' in 1998. Played Leon in 'Skjulte spor' in 2000. Played John Poulsen in 'Rejseholdet' in 2000. Played Johannes Rasmussen in 'Hotellet' in 2000.

What is 'take away' when translated from English to Italian?

Da asporto as a noun and portare via as a verb are Italian equivalents of the English phrase 'take away.' Context makes clear which option suits. The respective pronunciations will be 'da a-SPOR-to' and 'por-TA-rey VEE-a' in Italian.

What is 'besos por' when translated from Spanish to Italian?

Baci per.. is an Italian equivalent of the incomplete Spanish phrase besos por... . The masculine plural noun and preposition translate literally into English as 'kisses for... .' The respective pronunciations will be 'BA-tchee per' in Italian and 'BEY-so-spor' in Spanish.

What movie and television projects has Thomas Kirk been in?

Thomas Kirk has: Played Police Officer in 'Skjulte spor' in 2000. Played Bliadzes advokat in 'Dommeren' in 2005. Played Annas Advokat in 'Anna Pihl' in 2006. Played Reporter in '2900 Happiness' in 2007. Played Far in 'Trold' in 2013.

What is 'Que fais-tu comme sport' when translated from French to English?

'What do you do for sport?' is an English equivalent of the French phrase Que fais-tu comme sport? The question also translates as 'What do you do for exercise?' and 'What do you do for sports?' in English. The pronunciation will be 'kuh feh-tyoo kuhm spor' in French.

How do I cover or eliminate pet odors on vinyl flooring?

Try a couple of things Bleach will sometines do but may damage the floor Call a Stanley Steemer or other local & ask them to treat it, they have a product that works, as long as its not in the walls or subfloor.. Probably is... There is a product that works but it is hard to find. it is called Spor a clean..

Is 'sport' feminine or masculine in French?

Sport is a masculine, not a feminine, word in French. The masculine singular noun, which means 'exercise,' 'sport' or 'sports' in English, may be preceded immediately by the masculine singular le since French employs definite articles where English does and does not use 'the.' The pronunciation will be '(luh) spor' in Alsatian French.

What is 'Quel sport aimes-tu et pourquoi' when translated from French to English?

'What sport do you like and why?' is an English equivalent of the French phrase Quel sport aimes-tu et pourquoi? The question translates literally as 'Which sport do you love and why?' in English. The pronunciation will be 'kel spor ehm-tyoo ey poor-kwa' in French.

What is 'au terrain de sport' when translated from French to English?

'At the sports field' is an English equivalent of the French phrase au terrain de sport. The masculine singular phrase also translates as 'playing field' and 'sports ground' according to English context. The pronunciation will be 'o teh-rehd spor' in Alsatian and Cevenol French.

What is 'desks' when translated from English to Italian?

Banchi, scrivanie and sportelli are Italian equivalents of the English word 'desks.' Context makes clear whether school (case 1), writing (example 2) or information (instance 3) desks suit. The respective pronunciations will be 'BAN-kee,' 'SKREE-va-NEE-ey' and 'spor-TEL-lee' in Italian.

What movie and television projects has Ragnhild Hald been in?

Ragnhild Hald has: Played En ung kvinne in 'Farende folk' in 1922. Played Halldis, leder in 'Gryr i Norden' in 1939. Played Kona til Andreas in 'Godvakker-Maren' in 1940. Played Olea, budeie in 'Gullfjellet' in 1941. Performed in 'Vi vil leve' in 1946. Performed in 'Kalde spor' in 1962.

What is 'dirtball' when translated from English to Italian?

Palla di terra and palla sporca are Italian equivalents of the English phrase 'dirtball.' Context makes clear whether 'ball of earth' (case 1) or 'dirty ball' (example 2) suits. The respective pronunciations will be 'PAL-la dee TER-ra' and 'PAL-la SPOR-ka' in Italian.

What movie and television projects has Martin Elung been in?

Martin Elung has: Performed in 'Enten eller - Du bestemmer' in 1994. Played J.T. Lundbye (1844-1848) (2 episodes) in 'Bryggeren' in 1996. Played J.T. Lundbye in 'Bryggeren' in 1996. Played TV-fotograf in 'Karrusel' in 1998. Played David Rosenberg in 'Skjulte spor' in 2000. Played Asger Enevoldsen in 'Livvagterne' in 2008.

What movie and television projects has Mette Bratlann been in?

Mette Bratlann has: Played Augusta in 'Sidste time' in 1995. Played Nanna in 'Mellem venner' in 1995. Played Julie in 'Belma' in 1995. Played Miriam in 'Hjem til fem' in 1995. Played Nina in 'Mifunes sidste sang' in 1999. Played Diana in 'Skjulte spor' in 2000. Played (sketches) in 'OBLS' in 2003.

What are some six letter words with 2nd letter S and 3rd letter P and 4th letter O and 5th letter R?

According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern -SPOR-. That is, six letter words with 2nd letter S and 3rd letter P and 4th letter O and 5th letter R. In alphabetical order, they are: asport

What are some seven letter words with 2nd letter S and 3rd letter P and 4th letter O and 5th letter R?

According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern -SPOR--. That is, seven letter words with 2nd letter S and 3rd letter P and 4th letter O and 5th letter R. In alphabetical order, they are: asports

What are some eight letter words with 2nd letter S and 3rd letter P and 4th letter O and 5th letter R?

According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern -SPOR---. That is, eight letter words with 2nd letter S and 3rd letter P and 4th letter O and 5th letter R. In alphabetical order, they are: asported

What are some five letter words with 1st letter S and 2nd letter P and 3rd letter O and 4th letter R?

According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 2 words with the pattern SPOR-. That is, five letter words with 1st letter S and 2nd letter P and 3rd letter O and 4th letter R. In alphabetical order, they are: spore sport

What movie and television projects has Rune Elers Kristensen been in?

Rune Elers Kristensen has: Performed in 'Mappen' in 1995. Played Rasmus in 'Lille John' in 1995. Performed in 'Deadline' in 1997. Performed in 'Skybrud' in 1999. Played Archangel Gabriel in 'Slangehud' in 1999. Played Claus in 'Skjulte spor' in 2000. Played Mikkel in 'Rejseholdet' in 2000. Played Adolf in 'Sparekassen' in 2000. Played Kim in 'Plan B' in 2002.

This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
ancient Rome
Periods
  • Roman Kingdom
    753–509 BC
  • Roman Republic
    509–27 BC
  • Roman Empire
    27 BC – AD 395
Roman Constitution
Precedent and law
Assemblies
Ordinary magistrates
Extraordinary magistrates
Titles and honours

SPQR (Latin: Senātus Populusque Rōmānus, 'The Roman Senate and People', or more freely as 'The Senate and People of Rome'; Classical Latin: [sɛˈnaː.tus pɔpuˈlus.kʷɛ roːˈmaː.nus]) refers to the government of the ancient Roman Republic. It appears on Roman currency, at the end of documents made public by inscription in stone or metal, and in dedications of monuments and public works.

The phrase commonly appears in the Roman political, legal, and historical literature, such as the speeches of Cicero and Ab Urbe Condita Libri ('Books from the Founding of the City') of Livy.

  • 3Modern use

Translation[edit]

SPQR: Senātus Populusque Rōmānus.In Latin, Senātus is a nominative singular noun meaning 'Senate'. is compounded from the nominative noun Populus, 'the People', and -que, an enclitic particle meaning 'and' which connects the two nominative nouns. The last word, Rōmānus ('Roman') is an adjective modifying the whole of : the 'Roman Senate and People', taken as a whole. Thus, the phrase is translated literally as 'The Roman Senate and People', or more freely as 'The Senate and People of Rome'.[citation needed]

Historical context[edit]

The title's date of establishment is unknown, but it first appears in inscriptions of the Late Republic, from c. 80 BC onwards. Previously, the official name of the Roman state, as evidenced on coins, was simply ROMA. The abbreviation last appears on coins of Constantine the Great (ruled 312–337 AD), the first Roman emperor to support Christianity.[citation needed]

The two legal entities mentioned, Senātus and the Populus Rōmānus, are sovereign when combined. However, where populus is sovereign alone, Senātus is not. Under the Roman Kingdom, neither entity was sovereign. The phrase, therefore, can be dated to no earlier than the foundation of the Republic.[citation needed]

This signature continued in use under the Roman Empire. The emperors were considered the de jure representatives of the people even though the senātūs consulta, or decrees of the Senate, were made at the de facto pleasure of the emperor.[citation needed]

Populus Rōmānus in Roman literature is a phrase meaning the government of the People. When the Romans named governments of other countries, they used populus in the singular or plural, such as populī Prīscōrum Latīnōrum, 'the governments of the Old Latins'. Rōmānus is the established adjective used to distinguish the Romans, as in cīvis Rōmānus, 'Roman citizen'.[citation needed]

The Roman people appear very often in law and history in such phrases as dignitās, maiestās, auctoritās, lībertās populī Rōmānī, the 'dignity, majesty, authority, freedom of the Roman people'. They were a populus līber, 'a free people'. There was an exercitus, imperium, iudicia, honorēs, consulēs, voluntās of this same populus: 'the army, rule, judgments, offices, consuls and will of the Roman people'. They appear in early Latin as Popolus and Poplus, so the habit of thinking of themselves as free and sovereign was quite ingrained.[citation needed]

The Romans believed that all authority came from the people. It could be said that similar language seen in more modern political and social revolutions directly comes from this usage. People in this sense meant the whole government. The latter, however, was essentially divided into the aristocratic Senate, whose will was executed by the consuls and praetors, and the comitia centuriāta, 'committee of the centuries', whose will came to be safeguarded by the Tribunes.[citation needed]

One of the ways the emperor Commodus (180–192) paid for his donatives and mass entertainments was to tax the senatorial order, and on many inscriptions, the traditional order is provocatively reversed (Populus Senatusque...).[citation needed]

Beginning in 1184, the Commune of Rome struck coins in the name of the SENATVS P Q R. From 1414 until 1517, the Roman Senate struck coins with a shield inscribed SPQR.[1]

During the regime of Benito Mussolini, SPQR was emblazoned on a number of public buildings and manhole covers in an attempt to promote his dictatorship as a 'New Roman Empire'.[citation needed]

What Does Spor Mean In German

Modern use[edit]

Even in contemporary usage, SPQR is still used as the municipal symbol of the city of Rome.[citation needed]

Civic references[edit]

A modern recreation of a Roman standard.

What Does Spor Mean Roman

SPQH - Hamburg Rathaus

SPQx is sometimes used as an assertion of municipal pride and civic rights. The Italian town of Reggio Emilia, for instance, has SPQR in its coat of arms, standing for 'Senatus Populusque Regiensis'. There have been confirmed usages and reports of the deployment of the 'SPQx' template in;

  • Alkmaar, Netherlands, SPQA on the facade of the Waag building, now cheese museum.
  • Amsterdam, Netherlands, SPQA at one of the major theatres and some of the bridges[2]
  • Antwerp, Belgium, SPQA on the Antwerp City Hall[3]
  • Basel, Switzerland, SPQB on the Webern-Brunnen in Steinenvorstadt[4]
  • Benevento, Italy, SPQB on manhole covers[5]
  • Bremen, Germany, SPQB in the Bremen City Hall[6]
  • Bruges, Belgium, SPQB on its coat of arms[7]
  • Brussels, Belgium, SPQB found repeatedly on the Palais de Justice,[8] and over the main stage of La Monnaie
  • Capua, Italy, SPQC
  • Catania, Italy, SPQC can be found on manhole covers
  • Dublin, Ireland, SPQH on the City Hall, built in 1769
  • Florence, Italy, SPQF[5]
  • Franeker, Netherlands, SPQF, At the a gate on the Westerbolwerk and Academiestraat 16.[9]
  • Freising, Germany, SPQF, above the door of the town hall.
  • Ghent, Belgium, SPQG on the Opera, Theater and some other major buildings. In 1583, during the Dutch Revolt, Ghent struck coins with a shield inscribed SPQG.[10]
  • The Hague, Netherlands, SPQH above the stage in Koninklijke Schouwburg
  • Hamburg, Germany, SPQH on a door in the Hamburg Rathaus[11]
  • Hanover, Germany
  • Haarlem, the Netherlands, SPQH on the face of the town hall at the 'Grote Markt'
  • Hasselt, Belgium, SPQH
  • Kortrijk, Belgium, SPQC, city hall
  • Lazio, Italy, SPQS, coat of arms and flag (the second 'S' stands for 'Sabinus', referring to the Sabines)
  • La Plata, Argentina, SPQR in a monument outside of the city's 'casco urbano'.
  • Leeuwarden, Netherlands, SPQL on the mayor's chain of office[12]
  • Liverpool, England, SPQL on various gold doors in St George's Hall[13]
  • City of London, England, SPQL[14][15]
  • Lübeck, Germany, SPQL on the Holstentor[16]
  • Lucerne, Switzerland
  • Milan, Italy, The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V struck coins at Milan with the inscription S P Q MEDIOL OPTIMO PRINCIPI.[17]
  • Modica, Italy, SPQM is on the coat of arms
  • Molfetta, Italy, SPQM is on the coat of arms[18]
  • Naples, Italy, Coins struck during Masaniello’s 1647 revolt showed a shield inscribed SPQN.[19]
  • Nuremberg, Germany, SPQN ('Norimbergensis') on the Fleisch Bridge (one of the major bridges over river Pegnitz in the inner city)
  • Oudenburg, Belgium, SPQO (Senatus Populusque Odenburgensis) on its water pump next to the market square.[20]
  • Olomouc, Czech Republic, SPQO on its coat of arms[5]
  • Palermo, Italy, SPQP[21]
  • Penne, Abruzzo, Italy, SPQP[21]
  • Rotterdam, the Netherlands, SPQR on a wallpainting in the Rotterdam City Hall [nl]
  • Siena, Italy, SPQS[22]
  • Solothurn, Switzerland, SPQS on the Cathedral of St Ursus and Victor
  • Terracina, Italy, SPQT[23]
  • Tivoli, Lazio, Italy, SPQT[24]
  • Valencia, Spain, SPQV in several places and buildings, including the Silk Exchange[25] and the University of Valencia[26] Historic Building.
  • Verviers, Belgium, SPQV on the Grand Theatre[27]
  • Vienna, Austria[5]

Use by white supremacists[edit]

Some members of white supremacist groups have been using the acronym SPQR on flags, on their person (such as tattoos) and other forms of identification.[28][29][30][31] The movement's enthusiasm for other symbols of republican Rome, such as the axe and bundled rods known as fasces, is documented, as well as their interest in some aspects of republican and imperial Rome.[32] That use was discussed on Stormfront's bulletin boards and was noticed at white supremacist demonstrations.[29] White supremacists tend to associate 'SPQR' with the militaristic ethos of the Roman legions. There is in fact no evidence that the initialism appeared regularly on Roman military insignia and equipment, but it was heavily used by Mussolini's fascist regime.[30]

Popular culture[edit]

In the early twentieth century, the letters 'SPQR' could sometimes be seen displayed on London market traders' stalls, meaning 'Small Profits, Quick Returns'.[33]

MPQN, standing for Metallica Populusque Nimus, appears on the cover of the Metallica live DVDFrançais Pour une Nuit, which was recorded in the Arena of Nîmes, a remodelled Roman amphiteatre.[34]

The Italians have long used a different and humorous expansion of this acronym, 'Sono Pazzi Questi Romani' (literally: 'They're crazy, these Romans').[35]In the Asterix and Obelix comics, Obelix often uses the French translation of this phrase, 'Ils sont fous ces Romains', and in the Italian editions, the original phrase is used.[36]

S.P.Q.R. Records was an American popular music record label, a subsidiary of Legrand Records, which flourished in the 1960s and included Gary U.S. Bonds among its artists. The label was founded by Frank Guida, who is believed to have adopted the name in allusion to his Italian origins.[37]

The football team A.S. Roma wore special edition shirts with SPQR on the chest for their match against city rivals S.S. Lazio on 29 April 2017.[38]

S.P.Q.R. is the fourth song on the critically acclaimed experimental rock album Deceit by This Heat. The song talks about atomic destruction and human morals using symbols of Rome.[39]

In The Heroes of Olympus written by Rick Riordan, the Roman Camp Jupiter tattoos SPQR on legionnaires' arms.

Gallery[edit]

  • The inscription in the Arch of Titus

  • Manhole cover in Rome with SPQR inscription

  • SPQR in the coat of arms of Reggio Emilia

  • Detail from the mosaic floor in the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan

  • 'Superiority of the warrior class. State 2.' Etching by Wenceslaus Hollar, (University of Toronto)

  • Arch of Septimius Severus top inscription

  • Dedicatory plaque to Federico Fellini on Via Veneto

  • Mural in the Burgerzaal of Rotterdam City Hall [nl]

References[edit]

  1. ^Monete e Zecche Medievalli Italiane, Elio Biaggi, coins 2081 and 2141
  2. ^Heraldic symbols of Amsterdam, Livius.org, 2 December 2006.
  3. ^'Flickr.com'. Flickr.com. 5 January 2007. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  4. ^'brunnenfuehrer.ch'. 1 January 2003. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  5. ^ abcd'Rome - Historical Flags (Italy)', CRWflags.com, 14 November 2003.
  6. ^'Unesco.org'(PDF). Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  7. ^'NGW.nl'. NGW.nl. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  8. ^'Eupedia.com'. Eupedia.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2010. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  9. ^'Franeker'. www.gevelstenen.net.
  10. ^Coinage of the European Continent, W. Carew Hazlitt, page 216.
  11. ^‹See Tfd›(in German)Nefershapiland.de
  12. ^‹See Tfd›(in Dutch)Gemeentearchief.nl
  13. ^St George's HallBy Paul Coslett. 'BBC.co.uk'. BBC.co.uk. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  14. ^Cityoflondon.gov.ukArchived 27 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^Brunet, Alex. (2013). pp. 156-7. Regal Armorie of Great Britain. London: Forgotten Books. (Original work published 1839)
  16. ^'Flickr.com'. Flickr.com. 1 March 2007. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  17. ^The Coinage of Milan, W.. J. Potter, page 19 coin 4.
  18. ^it:File:Molfetta-Stemma.png
  19. ^Italian Coinage Medieval to Modern, The Collection of Ercole Gnecchi, coin 3683
  20. ^'Stadspomp, Oudenburg'.
  21. ^ ab'Flickr.com'. Flickr.com. 5 December 2007. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  22. ^'Flickr.com'. Flickr.com. 17 June 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  23. ^O. A. W. Dilke and Margaret S. Dilke (October 1961). 'Terracina and the Pomptine Marshes'. Greece & Rome. Cambridge University Press. II:8 (2): 172–178. ISSN0017-3835. OCLC51206579.
  24. ^'Tibursuperbum.it'. Tibursuperbum.it. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  25. ^'Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes'. Cervantesvirtual.com. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  26. ^http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3020/2927782582_9812c8d395_s.jpg
  27. ^‹See Tfd›(in French)Bestofverviers.be
  28. ^Bond, Sarah E. (30 August 2018). 'The misuse of an ancient Roman acronym by white nationalist groups'. Hyperallergic. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  29. ^ abAngell, Ben; et al. (27 July 2018). 'Scholars Respond to SPQR and White Nationalism'. Pharos. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  30. ^ abAngell, Ben; et al. (15 June 2018). 'SPQR and White Nationalism'. Pharos. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  31. ^'Flags and Other Symbols Used By Far-Right Groups in Charlottesville'. Southern Poverty Law Center. 12 August 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  32. ^Angell, Ben; et al. (11 December 2017). ''American Fascist Manifesto' begins with the Roman Republic'. Pharos. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  33. ^Fowler, H. W.; Fowler, F. G.; Crystal, David (2011) [1911]. The Concise Oxford Dictionary: The Classic First Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 748. ISBN978-0-19-969612-3.
  34. ^Cover of Français Pour Une Nuit - Live Aux Arènes De Nîmes 2009 at Discogs
  35. ^See, e.g. von Hefner, Otto Titan (1861). Handbuch der theoretischen und praktischen Heraldik. Munich. p. 106.
  36. ^Asterix around the world
  37. ^'Biography – S.P.Q.R.'45cat.com. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
  38. ^''SPQR' adds final touch to special derby kit'. www.asroma.com.
  39. ^'This Heat – S.P.Q.R.'

Further reading[edit]

  • Beneš, C.E. (2009). 'Whose SPQR? Sovereignty and semiotics in medieval Rome'. Speculum. 84: 874–904. doi:10.1017/s0038713400208130.

External links[edit]

Look up SPQR in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Spor Roman Meaning

Wikimedia Commons has media related to SPQR.
  • Instances of 'Roman Senate and People' in www.Perseus.edu
  • Lewis & Short dictionary entry for populus on www.Perseus.edu
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